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The heaviest bony fish ever caught weighs in at a staggering 5,070 lbs. (2,300 kilograms). Now, scientists know its name.<\/p>\n
The fish is a\u00a0Mola alexandrini\u00a0<\/em>ocean sunfish, researchers reported Dec. 5\u00a0in the journal Ichthyological Research<\/a>. Originally, the fish, which was caught in 1996, was misidentified as a\u00a0Mola mola<\/em>, a better-known species of sunfish. But recent research has upended the whole\u00a0Mola<\/em>\u00a0genus and led to the reidentification of some species.\u00a0M. alexandrini<\/em>\u00a0is recognizable by its prominent head shape, lending it the common name the “bump-headed sunfish.”<\/p>\n “For the same reason, we adopt the already proposed Japanese common name Ushi-manbo,” said study leader Etsuro Sawai, a sunfish expert at Hiroshima University. “‘Ushi’ means ‘cow,’ and refers to the head profile of the fish.” [In Photos: The World’s Largest Bony Fish<\/a>]<\/p>\n Sunfish are the largest bony fish in the sea. Unlike sharks and rays, they have skeletons made of bone rather than cartilage. They’re also very strange-looking. Their bodies are huge and round, shaped like wagon wheels or pancakes. They can grow up to about 10 feet (3 meters) long.<\/p>\n The\u00a0Mola<\/em>\u00a0genus wasn’t well understood until in recent years, because studying such enormous specimens isn’t easy. They’re difficult to collect and even harder to transport for thorough anatomical examinations. Genetic studies cracked open the case, revealing that fish once classified as\u00a0Mola mola<\/em>\u00a0were in fact very different from one another, and that some gene sequences didn’t fit nicely into pre-existing species categories. In July 2017, researchers\u00a0named a new species of sunfish<\/a>\u00a0with those sequences,\u00a0Mola tecta<\/em>, after finding a handful of specimens washed ashore on a New Zealand beach.<\/p>\n In the new study, researchers studied 30 specimens of\u00a0Mola<\/em>\u00a0that did not belong to the\u00a0M. tecta<\/em>\u00a0species. They also hunted through historical photographs, looking for anatomical features that would help to distinguish existing species from one another. Ultimately, they used this information to redescribe\u00a0M. alexandrini\u00a0<\/em>and to differentiate it from\u00a0M. tecta\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0M. mola.<\/em><\/p>\n The realization that\u00a0M. alexandrini\u00a0<\/em>wins the heavyweight prize for bony fish grew out of this newly clarified classification. Guinness World Records lists\u00a0M. mola<\/em>\u00a0as the\u00a0world’s heaviest bony fish<\/a>, but Sawai and his team found that the largest catch on record was actually a\u00a0M. alexandrini\u00a0<\/em>caught in 1996 off Kamogawa, Japan. That fish was 8.9 feet (2.72 m) long, raising the question of whether some individuals of this species are even heavier. In 2004, fishers recorded the catch of a 10.9-foot-long (3.32 m)\u00a0M. alexandrini\u00a0<\/em>near Aji Island, Japan, but they didn’t weigh that behemoth.<\/p>\nBig fish<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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Redefining the sunfish<\/strong><\/h4>\n